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TENSES

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TENSES

Tenses adalah perubahan waktu yang mempengaruhi kata kerja dalam bahasa inggris. Dalam bahasa inggris, keterangan waktu yang berbeda dapat mempengaruhi bentuk suatu kalimat, khususnya terhadap kata kerjanya. Dan perubahan bentuk kata kerja dalam suatu kalimatyang disebabkan perubahan keterangan waktu di sebut sebagai perubahan tensen. Jadi tenses tidak lain adalah kata kerja.


Berikut ini adalah macam- macam tenses:

1. a. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang) hampir setiap hari dilakukan.

Subject + To Be (am / are / is) + …
Subject + Verb + …

Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(-) He not playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?

Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu)

Everyday (Setiap Hari)
Every Week (Setiap Minggu)
Every month (Setiap Bulan)
Every Years (Setiap Tahun)
Every Morning (Setiap Pagi)
Every Afternoon (Setiap Sore)
Once a week ( Seminggu Sekali)
On Sundays (Pada tiap hari minggu)
On Monday (Tiap hari senin)
At Seven o'clock (pada jam tujuh)

b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung atau yang sedang dibicarakan pada waktu sekarang.

Subject + To Be (am / is / are) +Verb I + ING …


Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) They are studying English now.
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) They aren’t studying English now.
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.
(?) Is she going to market now?

Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu)

Now (Sekarang)
At Present (Sekarang)
Right Now (Sekarang)
At This Moment (Sekarang)
This morning (Pagi ini)
This Afternoon (Sore ini)
This Evening / This Night ( Malam ini)



c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang di lakukan hari ini dan seterusnya sampai bertahun tahun

Subject + Have / Has + Verb II ing + ...

Contoh :
(+) I have gone.
(+) They have done
(-) I haven’t gone.
(-)They haven’t done.
(?) Have I gone ?
(?) Have they done ?

Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu)

Since... (Sejak...)
For...(Selama...)
Already...(Sesudah)
Not Yet (Belum)
Just (Baru saja)
Ever (Pernah)
Never (Tak pernah)
Sometimes (Kadang-Kadang)
Occasionally (Sekali-Kali)
Often (Sering)
Usually (Biasanya)
Always (Selalu)
Almost (Hampir)


d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah mulai dilakukan atau telah mulai terjadi di waktu lampau dan masih terus berlangsung sampai sekarang.

Subject + Have / Has +Verb II (Ing) + …


Contoh :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu)

For...(Selama...)
Since...(Sejak...)
Lately ( Akhir-akhir ini)
Recently (Baru-baru ini)
Long (Lama)
This Week (Minggu ini)
This Whole day (Sepanjang hari ini)
Still (Masih)
Anymore (Tidak lagi)
Anylonger (Tidak lagi)


2. a. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

Peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
Subject + To Be (was / were) + …
Subject + Verb II + …


Contoh :
(+) I saw a good film last night
(+) He came here last month
(-) I saw not a good film last night
(-) He came not last month
(?) Saw I a good film last night
(?) Came He here last month

Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu)

Yesterday (Kemarin)
Yesterday Morning ( Kemarin Sore)
Last Night ( Tadi Malam)
Last Week (Minggu lalu)
Last Month (Bulan lalu)
An Hour ago ( Sejam yang lalu)


b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Peristiwa yang sedang dikerjakan atau sedang terjadi pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau

Subject + To Be (was / were) + Verb I (Ing) + …


Contoh :
(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu)

All Day Yesterday (Sepanjang hari kemarin)
Yesterday Afternoon (Kemarin Sore)
At Seven o'clock yesterday (Pada jam tujuh kemarin)
At this time yesterday (pada ssat ini kemarin)


c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Peristiwa yang telah dilakukan atau telah terjadi pada waktu lampau sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi

Subject + Had + Been +...
Subject + Had + Verb III +....


Contoh :
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?



d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Peristiwa yangtelah sedang dilakukan atau sedang terjadi di suatu saat di masa lampau bersamaan dengan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa lainnya.

Subject + Had + Been + Verb I (Ing) + …


Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two month
(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?


3.a. Simple Present Future Tense (Akan Datang)

Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan atau suatu peristiwa tang akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang.

Subject Shall / Will + Be + …
Subject + Shall / Will + Verb + …

Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu)

Tomorrow (Besok)
Tomorrow Morning (Besok Pagi)
Tomorrow Night (Besok Malam)
The Day after Tomorrow (Besok Lusa)
Next Week (Minggu Depan)



b. Future Continuous Tense
(Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Subject + Shall / will + Be + Verb (ing)+...


Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

c. Future Perfect Tense
(Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)


Subject + Shall / Will + Have + Been +...
Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Verb II +...

Contoh :
(+) Bily will have done his work by the end of this week.
(+) By next week I shall have read this book.
(-) Bily will haven’t done his work by the end of this week.
(-) By next week I shall haven’t read this book.
(?) Will Billy have done his work by the end of this week ?
(?) Shall I have read this book by next week ?

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)


Subject + Shall / Will + Have + Been + Verb (ing)...


Contoh :
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He have listening a music ?

4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
A. Past Future Tense (Waktu yang akan datang di masa lampau)


Subject + Should /Would + Have + Been + ...
Subject + shoul / Would + Have + VIII +...


Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

b. Past Future Continuous Tense
(Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)


Subject + Should / Would + Be + Verb (Ing)+...


Contoh :
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Subject + Should / Would + Have + Been + …
Subject + Should / Would + Have + Verb III + …

Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)


Subject + Should / Would + Have + Been + Verb (Ing) +....


Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?
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